| Tailoring phase transition behavior and electromechanical properties of BNT relaxor using A-site doping |
Nga-Linh Vu1, Trang An Duong1, Yubin Kang1, Min Sung Park1, Chang Won Ahn2, Hyoung-Su Han1
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1School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Techno saneop-ro 55beon-gil 12, Nam-gu, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
2Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, 93, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, Republic of Korea |
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Received: March 2, 2025; Revised: May 27, 2025 Accepted: July 5, 2025. Published online: July 17, 2025. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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This study investigated the effects of Li and La doping on microstructures, crystal structures, phase transition behaviors, and electromechanical strain properties of Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 (BNT) relaxor. Li-doped BNT ceramics exhibited a strong ferroelectricity that is related to oxygen vacancies based on Li+ ions as A-site acceptor of BNT ceramics. On the other hand, La doping induced a nonergodic relaxor (NER) to ergodic relaxor (ER) transition of BNT ceramics, which was originated from declined oxygen vacancies with doping La3+ ions as donor. In the case of Li doping, a ferroelectric (FE) to relaxor (RE) phase transition temperature (TF-R) was detected around 160 °C, which was not much different from the undoped BNT ceramics. In contrast, the stabilization of ER with vanishing TF-R in BNT ceramics was detected by 3 mol% La doping. Accordingly, it was successfully demonstrated that the phase transition behavior of BNT ceramics can be strongly related to the oxygen vacancies. |
| Key words:
Lead-free · Oxygen vacancy · Phase transition · Relaxor · Doping |
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