| The understanding of large electromechanical strain under low electric field in lead-free BNT-based relaxor |
Yubin Kang1, Vu Nga Linh1, Trang An Duong1, Chang Won Ahn2, Byeong Woo Kim3, Jae-Shin Lee1, Hyoung-Su Han1
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1School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Techno Saneop-ro 55Beon-gil 12, Nam‒gu, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
2Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, 93, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
3Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, Republic of Korea |
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Received: June 9, 2024; Revised: September 4, 2024 Accepted: September 20, 2024. Published online: November 5, 2024. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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The abnormally large strain properties in (Bi, Na)TiO3 (BNT)-based ceramics have been intensively investigated for nearly two decades. However, it is still a serious challenge that the threshold electric field for triggering large strain is excessively high, obstructing them toward practical applications. To overcome this issue, this study investigated that large strain properties under a low electric field can be realized by the synthesis of a ternary system with co-modifying BiAlO3 (BA) and SrTiO3 (ST) in BNT-based ceramics. Consequentially, a high Smax/Emax value of 850 pm/V was obtained in BNT-BA-24ST ceramics under a low electric field of 2 kV/mm. it was successfully suggested that the coexisting static PNRs in the ergodic relaxor state are responsible for changing the internal free energy (ΔE) of BNT-BA-24ST ceramics. This leads to a significant reduction of the threshold electric field to induce phase transition from ER to ferroelectrics, resulting in the realization of large strain under a low electric field. |
| Key words:
Threshold electric field · Low operating field · Free energy · Ternary system |
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