| Effect of compositional modification of (NixCoyMn3−x–y) O4 on electrical properties for the application to temperature sensor |
Younghee So1, Seung Hwan Lee2, Sungwook Mhin1
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1Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
2School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, SeongDong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea |
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Received: June 29, 2024; Revised: August 5, 2024 Accepted: August 9, 2024. Published online: August 30, 2024. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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(NixCoyMn3−x–y)O4 (NCM) spinel oxides have been widely utilized for industrial applications including the temperature sensor in the battery management system of electric vehicles. Accordingly, various engineering strategies such as the substitution of different elements, and control of heat treatment have been introduced to modify NCM to satisfy the specific properties of the temperature sensor. Herein, we report the compositional modification of the NCM influence on electrical properties with temperature for the application of temperature sensors. Our results demonstrate that the crystal structure of the NCM is determined by the Mn/Co ratio, which is related to electrical resistance and sensitivity (B value). Also, we investigate the effect of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) on the sintering behavior of the NCM, which results in lower sintering temperatures. Representative NCM pellet with the chemical composition of Ni0.31Co0.93Mn1.76O4 shows negative temperature coefficient (NTC) properties with electrical resistance and B value as 25,539 Ω and 3921 K, respectively, which is suitable for industrial-level temperature sensor. This study provides a deeper understanding of how the manipulation of transition metal ratios can tailor the properties of spinel oxides for temperature sensing applications. |
| Key words:
Negative temperature coeffi cient · Sensor · Oxides · V2O5 · Spinel oxides |
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