| Investigation of structural phase transition, Curie temperature and energy storage density of Ba0.97Ca0.03Ti1−xSnxO3 electroceramics |
| Pravin S. Kadhane, Bharat G. Baraskar, Tulshidas C. Darvade, Onkar A. Ramdasi, Md. Samsuzzaman, Rahul C. Kambale |
| Present Address: Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, Maharashtra, India |
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Received: October 5, 2021; Revised: January 8, 2022 Accepted: January 13, 2022. Published online: February 17, 2022. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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Three different measurement methods to determine the structural phase transitions and Curie temperature of Ba0.97Ca0.03Ti1−xSnxO3 (BCTS, x = 0.025, and 0.035 mol). electroceramics are discussed. At room temperature, both compositions reveal the tetragonal perovskite lattice symmetry as evidenced by X-ray diffraction, temperature-dependent dielectric constant and Raman active modes. The temperature-dependent dielectric study reveals TR-O at − 60 °C, TO-T at 14 °C, TT-C at 126 °C for composition x = 0.025 and TR-O at − 50 °C, TO-T at 20 °C, TT-C at 118 °C for composition x = 0.035. To evident the structural changes happening at phase transitions as well as Curie temperature the variation of polarization concerning temperature is investigated which supports the temperature-dependent dielectric and Raman spectroscopy studies. The room temperature recoverable energy storage density and efficiency of BCTS are calculated by the integral area of the polarization–electric field (P-E) hysteresis loop. The observed recoverable energy storage density is 21.80 mJ/cm3 and 32.40 mJ/cm3 with the efficiency of 43.58% and 52.25% for composition x = 0.025 and 0.035 mol., respectively. These results are having practical importance, due to the higher recoverable energy storage density and efficiency with moderate Curie temperature compared to the pure BaTiO3. Thus, it can be used as a promising novel and environmentally friendly, lead-free material, for different applications in low carbon vehicles, renewable energy technologies, integrated circuits, and for the high-temperature aerospace sector. |
| Key words:
BaTiO3 · Ferroelectrics · Curie temperature · Raman spectroscopy · Phase transition · Energy storage density |
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