| Structural, spectral, dielectric and magnetic properties of Co–Cr‑substituted hexagonal ferrites with X‑type structure |
Syeda Rabia Ejaz1,2, Muhammad Azhar Khan2
, Shagufta Gulbadan2, Majid Niaz Akhtar3, Mukhtar Ahmad4, Altaf Hussain2, Misbah ul Islam5 |
1Department of Physics, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
2Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
3Department of Physics, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology (MNSUET), Multan 60000, Pakistan
4Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
5Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan |
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Received: August 4, 2021; Revised: January 11, 2022 Accepted: February 12, 2022. Published online: July 31, 2022. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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Co2+ and Cr3+-substituted SrBaCu2-xCoxCryFe28-yO46 X-type hexaferrite with x=y=0, 0.1 to 0.5 (step=0.1) were prepared through auto-combustion sol–gel method and sintered at 1250 °C for 5 h which was found from thermal analysis. The thermal investigation, phase detection, spectral, magnetic, and dielectric characteristics of the prepared composition were investigated by TGA, XRD, FTIR, VSM, and dielectric measurement. XRD patterns of the entire composition confrmed the development of a single phase of X-type structure. The enhancement in the lattice parameters and cell volume was observed by varying the Co–Cr concentration, attributed to the larger ionic radii substitution. FTIRspectra of all samples exhibit two absorption peaks in the wavenumber range of 500–550 cm−1 and 418–425 cm−1 that confrm the formation of hexaferrite. The dielectric properties have been inspected based on frequency and substitution variation in the sample. The dielectric constant exhibits the increasing trend with the Co–Cr ratio. The enhancement in Ac conductivity was also found by increased substitution ions. Single semi-circles were examined in Nyquist plots, attributed to the contribution of the grain boundaries. Detailed magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization, remanence, squareness ratio, coercivity, and magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant were measured. By the increase in Co–Cr substitution the increased of saturation magnetization (Ms) from 61.12 emu/g to 64.89 emu/g, the remanence (Mr) from 27.43 emu/g to 30.71 emu/g, and coercivity (Hc) from 1654.56 Oe to 1863.54 Oe was found. Therefore, the synthesized SrBaCu2 X-type hexagonal ferrites with the appropriate amount of Co–Cr substitution are suitable candidates for microwave devices and valuable in longitudinal recording media. |
| Key words:
X-type hexaferrite · TGA · XRD · FTIR · Dielectric studies · Cole–Cole plots |
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