| Investigating biological impact of HAp from goat femur reinforced with Zr–Ag for bone tissue engineering application |
| Karthik Alagarsamy1, Vinita Vishwakarma1, Gobi Saravanan Kaliaraj1, Viswanathan Kanagasabai1, Sathiskumar Ramasamy2 |
1Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119, India
2Coimbatore Institute Technology, Coimbatore 641014, India |
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Received: September 8, 2021; Revised: January 30, 2022 Accepted: March 21, 2022. Published online: July 31, 2022. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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In this study, the diferent weight percentages of ZrO2–Ag-reinforced HAp were prepared by the planetary mill and calcinated at 800 °C for 5 h. Synthesized nano-composites evolved the hexagonal phase of HAp in addition to ZrO2 and Ag peaks. Raman spectroscopy confrmed the high-intensity band of PO4−3 group and major bands of Zr and Ag. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial growth were arrested in HA20Zr10Ag nano-composites evaluated by in vitro antibacterial activity. Hemocompatible behavior of the reinforced HAp revealed that the nanocomposites was non-hemolytic with distinct RBC morphology and this efect was more pronounced while increasing ZrO2 concentration. Biocompatibility studies, such as protein adsorption, cell viability, fuorescence staining, mineralization, and quantifcation of BMP-2, were analyzed with MG-63. The nanocomposites have adsorbed a high amount of proteins (~300 to 700 µg) from the serum. MTT assay revealed the percentage of the viability of the cells was ~ 70% to 80%. In vitro cytotoxic behavior of MG-63 cells illustrated that HA20Zr10Ag nanocomposites expressed polygonal structure with elongated morphology by Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin and DAPI staining. Similarly, nano-composites powder proved its mineralization capability through intracellular calcium uptake up to the 5th day of MG-63 incubation. While, BMP-2 expression was slightly higher in HA20Zr10Ag nano-composite at 5th day of incubation. From the results, it is illustrated that HAp with 20 wt% of ZrO2 and 10 wt% Ag nanocomposites has an important role in osteoblastic bone formation. |
| Key words:
Nanocomposites · Hydroxyapatite · Zirconia · Silver · Biocompatibility |
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